Economic Collapse - A Black Hole Syndrome

Economic Collapse – A Black Hole Syndrome

                 By 

Dejenie Alemayehu Lakew

 

  

    

Mathematics justifies that greed and extreme selfishness: causes economic collapse of societies.

   

Any system that is established from  relations between different groups in the system and the forces created there off, continues to exist if the relations remain fair and forces that are created from the relations remain on balance and valid to all parts. When one of the forces dominate to the extent of  diminishing the strength or eliminating powers of others, then only a force of pulling towards the dominant group remains and that leads to the collapse of the system.

   

I have few examples to validate this fact.

   

Example 1.  Black hole - galactic giant star that loses it’s force of balance against it’s own gravity. The only force left that acts on it,  is its own gravity and the forces of pulling outward that emanate from itself and from its surroundings that keep the balance of forces,  in order the structure ( star)  to exist,  disappear due to its immense weight. The star then collapses to either a mini size star or ultimately goes  to its demise to a formation of a dark matter of infinite density called a black hole  where nothing escapes from it, and everything around sucked and devoured including light. Therefore the shining star of a galaxy disappears from its starhood existence due to imbalance of forces that holds it.  

  

Example 2. Preys  – predators in an ecosystem. We create an ecosystem of the following things: grass, rabbits and foxes. Rabbits eat grass and foxes consume rabbits and therefore rabbits are preys to foxes and foxes are predators on rabbits. We can write mathematical models that studies this system and consider different scenarios  Their continuous co-existence is guaranteed only if they keep their desires in balance and greed in control. That is, the rabbits should not eat all the grasses available and run out of food and there by endanger their existence and  threatens the existence of the foxes as well  since foxes consume rabbits. Similarly if the foxes get extremely greedy and selfish and eat all the rabbits in certain time interval, then that is again a recipe for destruction of foxes as they will not have any thing to eat after sometime as no rabbits left to live, reproduce and multiply. Therefore, greed and extreme selfishness of the predators lead to the destruction of the vibrant ecosystem of the two living species.

  

A mathematical model called Lotka- Volterra of differential equations studies such relations and some other similar systems in which species compete for resources, living areas, etc. or others cooperate and live together creating a vibrant system that works for all involved. But in the prey – predator model,  the extreme case scenarios are that when foxes are increasing in huge amounts and eat more rabbits, then the rabbits number decreases considerably to the point of disappearance. But there is always a perfect condition in which the two species live together indefinitely, by keeping selfish desires in check and live for ever or be greedy and extreme selfish but disappear together for ever.

   

Example 3. Economic systems -  systems formed from fiscal relations between different sectors of a human society. In such systems, there are groups called consumers that purchase services  products and utilities and companies that produces them, and the  the fiscal/financial relations created between them should indeed be healthy, honest, fair, ethical and above all humane so that the economic relations formed and the forces of the financial transactions created, stay on balance and remain valid for all participants so that the economic structure created  exists indefinitely.

                

Here we can look at two kinds of relations that are prevalent in such systems:

  

(I) Type I : Relations within companies or intra companies in which companies  compete to get more markets and more customers – their relations can be considered as competition to annihilate, in which the existence of one is a treat to the growth and welfare of the other and therefore working hard and playing any tricks  to  eliminate the other is the motto of the game. Here is  what capital theorists call it monopoly comes to play.

  

(II) Type II : Relations between the populus or majority consumers and companies – this relation is similar to the prey - predator model in which companies play as predators while the majority consumers as preys – they need each other but for wrong goals, from each sides perspective. However, the economic relations created between these two groups, consumers and companies, should again be healthy, fair, truthful or honest and above all ethical and humane. If companies develop extreme greed and selfish trends, losing sights of connecting to their consumers as their humane benefit partners, and completely disregarding the difficulty of financial resources and fiscals troubles of working people, taking an imaginable and unreasonable amount of profits from these consumers, then a black hole syndrome will be created between these two partners of the economy, which eventually lead to the collapse of the economic system they created.

Case in point: The demise of real estate in America – real estate companies and banks related to real estate business that offer loans for home buyers,  were blinded by extreme profit making to an unbearable height, wiping out the financial capabilities of their customers to the point of being  unable to pay their timely bills,  resulted in the abandoning of homes by huge numbers and led to the complete collapse of the real estate business itself and bankings associated with it. The actual mathematical justification here is very trivial. If a company uses a profit maximizing function in which the inputs are from variables that are available based on the input-response systems of the state of the economy, then trivially, one or more of the inputs were put falsified, such as the capability of the consumers to sustain paying bills, while their income was dwindling by the day. Thus, the calculations lack honesty,  not being truthful and therefore violates few of the fundamental rules of credit – trust and  the ethics of reporting facts truthfully.

This again is a an example of a system that loses its stability by loosing the forces of balance and fairness  that form the system and thereby creates its own destruction.

  

Lesson learnt: Although we do not have control over things that exist outside of our power, such as stars changed to black holes, but we can avoid catastrophes on things we humans created to serve our selves and can have a control over and make them function properly as needed in a robust way and make them exist indefinitely. This is possible by keeping the forces that form the system in balance and making human transactions ethical, fair, honest and trustworthy.

   

Conclusion: In relational existence, such as an economy, or other social matters,  the innate behavior of species to damage self to the welfare of others  called altruism/selfless is a very remote possible antithesis  of what is termed as  selfishness/extreme greed - benefiting self on the welfare of others. But between the two extremes, selfless and selfishness, there is a golden mean –  virtues of cooperation to the welfare of all and  even in some sense of positive competition for betterment and growth, as long as the games are played by ethics and correct rules, following principles of trust, honesty and responsibility, so that the forces involved remain operational, valid and on balance so that all parties involved  remain partners of the process/system and the system continues to exist indefinitely – with no black hole syndrome.  

References:

[1] Rees M. J., Volonteri M. Massive black holes: Formation and Evolution (2007).

[2] Dennis G. Zill, A First Course in Differential Equations with Modeling Applications, 9^th ed.

[3] Aristotle, Ethics (1976).

[4] Fehr E., Fischbacher U., The Nature of Human Altruism, Nature 425 (2003).

[5] Axelrod R. and Hamilton W D., The Evolution of Cooperation, Science 1981.

DEJAL ANALYSIS: The Ubiquitousness of Mathematics

DEJAL ANALYSIS: The Ubiquitousness of Mathematics: The Ubiquitousness of Mathematics By Dejenie Alemayehu Lakew      We say mathematics is a ubiquitous activity performe...

The Ubiquitousness of Mathematics

The Ubiquitousness of Mathematics

By

Dejenie Alemayehu Lakew

  

 

We say mathematics is a ubiquitous activity performed by nature at best and by we humans. The mathematics of humans as an endeavor of human intellect is a systematic study of space, quantity, numbers, change and patterns or structures that either exist naturally or constructed abstractly using the principles of logic and deductions largely aided by imagination. We humans create models to study, navigate and discover the intricacies of the mathematics of nature - the most common phenomena in which the universe is ruled under. Nature is the greatest mathematician of all which does mathematics the best – as mathematics is the working language of nature and of the greater universe that is observable or otherwise. In this part of my exposition, I will write the abundance of mathematics that is ubiquitous in nature. 

  

I present few of the mathematics nature perfectly does and speaks to us:

(1)  The display of sophisticated and intricate wonders, beauty and symmetries that are abundant in nature, such as fractals and chaos. There is a branch of philosophy called aesthetics that studies beauty and nature.  

        

(2)  Particular suited elliptic paths planets and other galactic objects follow to rotate around a central object such as the sun.

(3)    The formation and ultimate death of stars from a purely mathematical and physical perspective.  

  

(4)   The fascinating natural process how a conception develops and the timing it requires to come out of a mother’s womb.

  

(5)   Shading of their leaves trees do in cold tropics, to hibernate and protect themselves from severe cold weather and the time they start to blossom when spring comes. The hibernation mechanism is done partly by reducing the size of their parts exposed to the outside environment in order to reduce the diffusion of cold in to them – fascinating mathematics.

  

(6)   The periodicity of natural phenomena we see every year or season, that exist indefinitely but in a bounded domain of either temporal or spatial. Periodicity in general is one of nature’s way of displaying it’s work  of mathematics.   

  

(7)   The sizing of petals or leave surfaces by plants based on where they grow (arid  or wet and rainy zone ) to control evapo – transpiration.  Here, we observe a sophisticated and extraordinary mathematics performance of a resource management type in which a tree in a very arid zone minimizes the size of its petals in an optimal way to:

  

*    control evaporation, as the rate at which water  evaporates out is directly proportional to the surface area of the petal,  and at the same time   

  

*    enable the tree to track enough amount of sun light in order to process its food.

  

These are few examples from the many perfect mathematical performances of nature.

   

We humans try to understand how nature does mathematics, by creating abstract models that imitate nature and prove and justify the truth of things in nature. Things naturally  work and function in an optimal way with minimal errors   and a small change in parameters that govern a phenomena will create a huge change on the result -  which shows how nature is stable in a larger or what we call global perspective but at the same time chaotic locally. We  see the chaotic part of nature by looking at the effects of  a very minute change in the DNA results in a huge difference in creatures --  for instance we humans and chimpanzees have almost similar DNA sequencing with a very minute differences, but that very small difference creates that huge species difference.

   

Therefore as our mathematical activities, we represent quantities, axiomatize, hypothesize/make conjectures and theorize through mathematical expressions of symbols, variables and assumed to be properties, to prove and validate what we assumed is naturally true and valid. For instance we hypothesize and validate empirically that when a ball is rolling over a frictionless inclined surface, the distance the ball covers is directly proportional to the square on the time it takes to move from one point to the next lower point.  

   

Next, I will discuss about a particular path of moving from one point to the next lower point which expedites time.  For curiosity, which path do you think provides the shortest time in moving from one point to the next on a vertical plane which lies below but not on a vertical line?  You may think the one which is the shortest segment or  straight line segment that connects the two points has the shortest time, but that is not true. There is a longer path from the shortest path that will provide the shortest time – it defies common sense but true.  

    

Such paths are needed to be followed to win in sports such as board skating and skiing. Every four years at Summer Olympics, athletes of skiing compete in a mountain side that is full of ice – called skiing. The game is to reach to the destination point down the hill with the shortest time. Assume all the participants of the game have same velocity, then one can ask, will there be a possibility of the existence of  one person with the shortest time?  The answer is yes. Here is how.

  

Before I provide the answer, let me say something about the history behind this path or curve of shortest time called brachistochrone.  In 1696, a mathematician named Johann Bernoulli challenged mathematicians of Europe by posing a problem  called the brachistochrone problem. The problem was, given two points  P and Q  in a vertical plane in which both are not in a vertical line but Q is below P. If a body is moving frictionless  by only its own gravity  along a path that connects both P and Q, which path will be the one with the least time ?  As I said, the shortest segment will not provide the shortest time, but it is a curve called the brachistochrone – Greek  word, which is a concatenation of:  brachistos – shortest and  chronos – time. The answer was given by several mathematicians of the time, such as Isaac Newton, Jacob Bernoulli (brother of Johann Bernoulli), Gottfried Leibniz, etc.   Literally, the curve is a segment of a cycloid - a suspended cable on two poles. Therefore the body should follow a brachistochrone, the path with shortest time from P to Q.

  

Therefore, athletes who compete for Summer Olympic of skiing, the one to be a winner,  has to go from  point to the next lower point making  zigzag like movements but following a path of abrachistochrone between consecutive points, until he/she riches the destination point. The one who almost makes such paths on the way down, although difficult to get those paths perfectly and continuously, will be the winner.  But because they also have different speeds, the combination of their varying speeds and the paths they follow enable one to be a winner.

   

Natural examples who use such paths - paths of shortest time to pick their prey from below are seagulls or birds.

Seagulls or birds in general are one of the most fascinating creatures of nature - the flights, swifts, turns, dives and rises they make. Their flight mechanisms inspire humans the ambition to fly and hence a source of research for applied mathematicians and engineers alike for designing planes and their wings in regard to air dynamics and gravity to create levitation. Besides their fascinating acrobatic flights and perfect flawless moves they make, seagulls or birds also do amazing mathematics of differential geometry and physics. When they move from above to pick a prey they see on the ground or inside a sea or sea shore, the path they chose is not the straight segment from their position to the prey, but the path with the shortest time to reach to the prey – thebrachistochrone.  By choosing such a perfect mathematically proven path, a path of shortest time, birds and seagulls pick their prey swiftly and quickly – a fascinating natural act of doing mathematics.

  

Therefore,

  

(8)           Brachistochrone – the optimal nature’s curve/path of smallest time.  

References:

[1]. Courant R. and Robinson H., What is mathematics? An elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods, 2^nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1996.

[2]. Wens D., The Penguin Dictionary of Curves and Interesting Geometry, London, Penguin, p. 46, 1991.

[3]. Haws L. and Kiser T., Exploring the Brachistochrone Problem, American Math. Monthly, 102, 328-336,1995.

[4]. Gardner M., The Sixth Book of Mathematical Games from Scientific America, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 130-131,1984.

[5]. Mandelbrot Benoit, Fractal Geometry of Nature, McMillan 1983.

[6]. Russ John, Fractal Surfaces, Springer, ISBN 978-0-306-44702-0.

DEJAL ANALYSIS: FOUNTAINS OF SOCIAL CHAOS ^ GATEWAY TO HELL: UN GO...

DEJAL ANALYSIS: FOUNTAINS OF SOCIAL CHAOS ^ GATEWAY TO HELL: UN GO...: "FOUNTAINS OF SOCIAL CHAOS: UN GODLY TEACHINGS Recently I read postings from face book that individuals of obscurity telling groups of peo..."

FOUNTAINS OF SOCIAL CHAOS ^ GATEWAY TO HELL: UN GODLY TEACHINGS

FOUNTAINS OF SOCIAL CHAOS: UN GODLY TEACHINGS

Recently I read postings from face book that individuals of obscurity telling groups of peoples to hate a religion which they are not a part in it and forcing them to express that hate through actions. I saw two individuals one claiming Christian and the other calming Muslim telling people the other religion is UN GODLY. Utterly, utterly ridicules, rubbish and a mockery spewed on the Ethiopian society.

The Ethiopian society enjoys both secular and religious lives. Religion is taken as a personal comforter and complement to their secular lives, while at the same time they want their secular lives collectively be addressed through a well structured democratic political process in order they all have equal opportunity to resources their country can offer and enjoy life, freedom, liberty and happiness as developed societies of the world do.

Individuals with such teachings should not be listened by any reasonable person of conscience that has a desire for peaceful co-existence of humans irrespective of religions, especially in a country like Ethiopia where Christians and Muslims co-exist for centuries as good neighbors respecting each other’s belief. Such teachings indeed are against the teachings of any religion including Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Jews, Christians and Muslims should know that the GOD they worship is capable of doing everything in their belief as to their definition he is OMNIPOTENT--a super being capable of doing everything. Therefore he does not need anybody's help or sacrifices so that he will be happy by what you have done for him. He is not a corrupt official of the Heaven that needs such things. He can do infinitely many times more than what you can do, but the only thing your GOD needs from you is a capacity you have from your developed natural wisdom gained by thinking and reasoning or learned from the fear of the GOD you worship through words of your respective Holly Books - to be wide hearted, loving of others even in the worst case scenario as the Christian GOD says and did. The Christian GOD said he sent his only SON to save man, not because humans are good and perfect, but because he could not handle the sin of humans and the only way he handles that was through expression of LOVE.

LOVE is the absolute weapon of PEACE to win and contain an ENEMY of the HIGHEST ORDER.

This is one of the kernels in the Christian philosophy of GOD: to give the best of what you have to what you think to be an unwinnable enemy of a highest order. That is what Jews, Christians and Muslims should do as the teachings of their scripts indicate. Even the OMNIPOTENT GOD that is worshiped by the three religions who is capable of everything does not order the destruction of humankind on the face of the earth, because of the incurable sin of humans and their continual bad actions against each other.

But teachings of hate within different religions and sects of religions in most cases is committed by people who mis-learnt or wrongly learnt their religions and thereby misuse for political intent and goal than religious merits. Therefore beware of such individuals who wear costumes of religions but carry inside weapons of hell and destructions of a political end.

Judgment is done only by your GOD not by you. Your only responsibility is just to love your neighbor as you want your GOD to love you not only by words but by deeds: unconditional LOVE to humanity. The GOD you worship is always disappointed by what you do to your fellow man not what you do to him. In fact he takes who you do to your fellow man as what you do to him and therefore as a measure of a person's religious commitment he has to GOD.

Any Ethiopian citizen either Jew, Christian, Muslim, or otherwise should be wise enough as our forefathers who thought their children that religion is personal while the country is their common valuable asset to be protected by any cost. Therefore any teaching of division by race, ethnicity, religion, etc, that entice conflict or has a potential to create one, is an act of a sinister group or groups of persons of obscurity or nearby political individuals who may be associated to a hidden political mission but through unsuspected channels, who later will laugh by what they accomplished while you kill each other now and for decades to lose your cohesion.

Ethiopians should not forget that they are people with outstanding history, civilization and culture of tolerance and peaceful co-existence that spans for more than three thousands of years. You have such a magnificent history with a wealth of knowledge of a culture of a capacity to make sound judgments by identifying and validating things that are true, rational and lasting and things that are false, sensational, destructive and ephemeral. You do not have to be cheated again and again by people of sinister motives that always use divisions in your ethnicity, divisions in your religions, divisions in your locality, etc and create a sensational conflict that usually is deadly, irrational in origin and long lasting.

These teachings you are watching and listening, extremely dangerous spews from evil groups are designed to be appealing and testy to only to your ears and eyes are GATEWAYS TO HELL and no religious sect, group or individual person should take a ride on such wagons of destructions from HELL to HELL.

Danger!! Beware!!!

DEJAL ANALYSIS: A NATIONAL ARMY VERSUS A BODYGUARD

DEJAL ANALYSIS: A NATIONAL ARMY VERSUS A BODYGUARD: "A training and a mission went wrong! A case to learn from: How could the army of a country treats citizens as outsider enemy combatants..."

A NATIONAL ARMY VERSUS A BODYGUARD

A training and a mission went wrong!

A case to learn from: How could the army of a country treats citizens as outsider enemy combatants for asking a political freedom from their political leaders through peaceful demonstrations and eventually create civil wars with in their own society? To see such things on television is the most damning social phenomena that no man could even imagine in the near past in advanced societies of the western world.

Can you imagine a common member of a family changed self to a super nanny as an outsider to treat and discipline the house as a collection of children and enforce self-will by any means and start killing family members for speaking out ? The analogy is that the country is the family; family members are citizens; the common family member that transformed self to super nanny is the illegitimate leader who does such things; the inanimate killing partners are family members who were assigned responsibility from the family to protect the family from external attacks and to keep the safety and peace of every family member, but took the order of the self-appointed supper nanny to kill family members for asking matters that are vital to the house.

Some unseen or trivially taken things by the society but sources of such troubles :

If political leaders gather themselves based on an ethnic group, then they establish deliberately an army that is dominantly lead by that ethnic group but filled by others as foot soldiers who do not have access to the upper leadership echelon of the army. In such cases the army leaders take political matters as family affairs, not as affairs of the country and completely concur with illegitimate political leaders and both function as hands and globes for their luxury living and ethnic dominance for all time as long as the society quietly sits. Some world class dictators who are not familiar with modern society, choose this way as a means to stay in power for long, but later disappear with all their family members without any trace from their society for all time and be treated as bandits run amuck to collect wealth and fortune and worst members of their society, captured political power by an accident not by being rational and having a desire of good will to bring good governance to the prosperity of their society.

Few cases where the world is watching on live television with shock and surprise as to how such governments exist in this 21st century in which leaders of civilized societies of the western world resign without any hustle for even simple failures of responsibilities.

Yemen: Leaders of the Yemen army are immediate and distant family members of the president so that politics and luxury is a family affairs.

Libya: Sons of the president lead armies themselves that is supposed to work for the country who later changed to private body guards and not army of the country—a disgrace to their honor.

Bahrain, Syria and Jordan: The same thing is happening

Ethiopia: The army leadership is dominated by one ethnic group that is deliberately designed by political illegitimate leaders in order to take political demands of freedom and peaceful expression of descent of the Ethiopian society as a treat to their family affairs and dominance and therefore take orders from their family members of political leaders to silence and kill citizens. Civilized political demands shall be considered as alien concepts from western societies, irritants to their luxury lives and should not be seen anywhere, anytime in front of their eyes.

The troubling thing in the case of Ethiopia is that the leaders came as a surprise to un suspected Ethiopians and force the Ethiopian society to behave as a new human society from scratch with strange axioms of nations and nationalities of medieval times and enforcing them with weaponry and punitive measures. They redesigned and restructured Ethiopia and forcefully apply their will until now. It is not surprising therefore that such a group with such a colossal political plunder allows others to be members of their clubs of power.

But to give a chance for the benefit of a doubt, it is necessary to say what is right and what shall be done.

Political Leaders:

Legitimate political leaders provide a political leadership so that all structures of the society function properly in order citizens enjoy equal access to opportunities and resources of their country with minimal obstacles, freedom, a vibrant democracy to exercise their rights and responsibilities in choosing their leaders periodically.

The army: Bodyguard versus National Army.

The national army which includes the police force and the military took oath and a solemn duty to honor the flag, the constitution and keep the territorial integrity of the country from foreign aggressions and protect the rights, safety and security of citizens, included peaceful expressions of descent to political leaders who make decisions on their behalf. They are not employee of any person or group from the political leadership echelon so that when an individual from the leadership group needs to kill citizens, take that order and kill their own brothers and sisters. Members of the army are not body guards of any group or persons to simply take orders and behave as inanimate partners of individuals in power that reside in political offices and perform a command on their society including killing. The army engages itself in such kinds of actions only during wars between the country and another country. Even in that case there is an international law which prohibits not to kill a combatant enemy if he/she puts down a weapon and show some sign of surrender, or not to kill a wounded enemy combatant that you may have gotten on the way, instead they will be taken as prisoners of wars.

Therefore for army leaders, it is a dishonor now and in history, to their ranks bestowed by Ethiopia and its people and the place they occupy in their society, when they act like body guards of individuals and take and perform a direct command to silence their own civil society with imprisonment, torture, killing with firearms and heavy weaponry, simply because they ask peacefully a better political pathways of governance that guarantee socio-political and economic developments to them to their children, grandchildren and to the country at large. It is here that training and mission of an army went wrong. It is therefore imperative in times of political upheavals and peaceful expression of descent, the military and police force should indeed see rationally whom they have to serve and what their mandates and purposes are. Which actions make them partners of their society and receive honor from their society now and in history and which actions make them mere body guards of individuals and lose their HONOR now and in history.

One of the most important social qualities, historical assets and personal demands of great individuals who happened to be in leadership positions is HONOR. Honor is both a personal and social asset that stays forever in history and gives pride for that society. No wealth, fortune and material possessions and personal friend ship equalizes HONOR for legitimate leaders. It is in that end that the Ethiopian army and police force should function and perform all the time and during times of social upheavals of peaceful expressions of decent.

Wars:

Wars among countries and wars inside a country –civil wars , are destructive activities of humans resulted from failures of people from the political leadership to reason and win the other in argument and peaceful way on issues that create misunderstanding between the warring groups. But in modern times civil wars are only prevalent in under developed countries usually called third world countries where civilization and modern democratic political activities are yet alien and distant future or even unnecessary concepts, while in developed societies they are socio-political phenomena of the distant past.

Question: When do these under developed societies or collectively called third world countries start using reason to win or lose arguments and abide by the results so that they do not use force to make false true, or vise versa? To accept a thing that is true is a sign of being reasonable and civilized, while trying to produce side conditions to falsify it or look like false and enforce that by weapons and punitive measures is a sign of being irrational, falsehood and uncivilized.

Remark: In order political tricks and deceptions to disappear and the country not be changed to a family real estate of business of illegitimate leaders, societies should put an article in their constitution that forces a tenure time limit (not more than two terms) for political leaders. It is to the benefit of all, leaders and the society.